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Periodontal disease or gum disease is an infection of the tissues around the teeth. When plaque builds up in the sulcus (the small crevice between the gums and the surface of the tooth), bacteria begins to damage these tissues and wear away their connection to the tooth. Eventually, the sulcus begins to detach from the tooth and form a pocket. This pocket continues to grow until the disease is tended to. As the pocket gets larger, the disease gets more severe and generally harder to clean and eventually treat.
In the more mild stages, periodontal disease is categorized as gingivitis and only affects the gums. In time, the disease becomes irreversible and ultimately more harmful. This severe stage of periodontal disease is called periodontitis.
Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.